colloidal nanoparticles are composed of two substances that are mixed but not dissolved. Colloid is made up of tiny particles of one substance that is dispersed in another.Colloid is a state between solution and suspension in which the soluble particles are larger than the solute particles and scatter light, but at the same time they are smaller than the mixed particles and do not settle.
What are nanoparticles and what are they used for?
Colloidal nanoparticles are composed of two substances that are mixed but not dissolved. Colloid is made up of tiny particles of one substance that is dispersed in another.
Colloids are not soluble Colloids have a soluble appearance. That is, they appear to be homogeneous and transparent and pass through flat holes like solutions. However, there are four fundamental differences between colloids and solutions:
- In colloids, the size of the dispersed particles is larger than the size of the soluble particles in the solution, ie, the molecules and the ions (the colloidal particles are between 1 and 1000 nm).
- Although the size of colloidal constituents is usually small enough to pass through the paper holes, it is also large enough to diffuse light when placed in the path of light. If you put two containers in one dark place, one containing a brine-like solution and the other containing a colloid like FeCl3 in boiling water, glancing at the light beam and looking at the two, you will see the path of light passing through. Inside the solution is not clear, but within the colloid is quite clear; from left to right respectively: gold powder colloid, gold chloride solution, iron sulfate suspension and gold chloride
- The colloids, unlike the solutions, change over time but change over time.
- Colloidal constituents Unlike soluble constituents, under certain conditions, such as by cooling or heating, or Adjacent to some other particles, they bond together to form much larger particles. In this case, the colloid becomes “semi-solid” or “jelly”, or it clots.
What are nanoparticles made of?
There are many ways to produce types of nanoparticles. When sugar is added to water, it dissolves and forms a solution. You can see this solution. This solution passes through the filter paper unchanged.
- When the chalk powder is added to the water, it does not dissolve and suspends. This is called a suspension. Plaster particles disperse into the water when stirring. This mixture is opaque and, when released, plaster settles.
- Wallpaper glue is made from starch. When mixed with water, it does not dissolve in sediment. Rather, it dissolves in water and forms a jelly-like substance called a colloid.
- Colloid is made up of two substances that are mixed but not dissolved. Colloid is made up of tiny particles of one substance that is dispersed in another.
- Milk is an example of a colloid. Milk contains tiny droplets of fat that are dispersed in water and are called fat emulsions in water. The droplets of a colloid are between 0.01 mm to 0.000001 mm in diameter. These drops are too large to dissolve and too small to settle.
- Occasionally, some chemicals are added to the colloid to prevent the breakdown of the colloidal components. These substances are called emulsifiers. Such materials are widely used in food preparation. You can usually see their names on the food packaging.
Which is an example of a colloid?
Application of colloidal gold nanoparticles:
- electronics industry
Gold nanoparticles can be used as conductors in a wide range of products including inks and electronic chips. Due to the importance of weight reduction and dimension in the electronics industry, nanoparticles are considered as a very important component of electronic chips. Gold nanoparticles are used as a link between resistors, conductors and other elements of an electronic chip.
- Phototherapy
Gold nanoparticles are capable of absorbing IR spectra, and when impacted by rays of wavelength between 700 and 800 nm with gold nanoparticles, these nanoparticles will be excited and capable of producing heat, and this property can be used to kill cancer cells.
- Drug Transfer
Therapeutic agents (drugs) can be coated on the surface of gold nanoparticles. The high surface-to-volume ratio of these nanoparticles makes it possible that hundreds of molecules, including therapeutic agents and antifouling agents, can be coated on gold nanoparticles.
- Sensors
Gold nanoparticles can be used in a variety of sensors. For example, a color sensor based on gold nanoparticles is able to detect healthy food from the unhealthy.
- Probes
Gold nanoparticles are capable of scattering light and can produce a wide range of different colored light in the dark field of the microscope. This feature is used in biological imaging tools.
- Detection factor
Gold nanoparticles are used to diagnose heart disease, cancer and other infectious diseases.
- Catalysts
properties of nanoparticles have been used as catalysts in many chemical reactions. The surface of gold nanoparticles is selected for selective oxidation or in some cases as a reducing agent. Gold nanoparticles are also used in fuel cells. This property can be used in the automotive industry.
Colloidal nanoparticles as advanced biological sensors
Colloidal mixtures are also called adhesive solutions. The particles are not scattered in the form of ionic or molecular scattering, but rather in molecular assemblies called micelles, which are readily recognizable by solvents, such as gypsum particles or droplets of olive oil in water, such as unreal solutions or mixed colloidal solutions. They are not uniform. Colloid is a mixture of particles that are larger than the size of particles in solution.
The particles in the colloid are suspended and dispersed. The colloids consist of at least two phases, one dispersive phase and the other dispersive phase, such as water-starch mixture, which is not known as solution.
In medical science, the colloidal solutions used for intravenous injectable therapy belong to a large group of extravasations, and can be used as intra-arterial infusion as serum therapy. Colloid is capable of providing and maintaining high osmotic pressure in the blood.
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